Aquarium Setup Checklist: Everything You Need to Get Started

 

Setting up your first aquarium is an exciting and rewarding journey, but it can also be a little overwhelming if you’re not sure what you need. Whether you're planning to keep a few colourful tropical fish or a beautiful aquascape, having the right equipment from the start makes all the difference.

This Aquarium Starter Checklist covers all the essential items and accessories to help you set up a healthy, thriving aquatic environment.

 

Choosing Your Fish and Aquarium

It's always a good idea to do some research before purchasing your aquarium to ensure it's suitable for the type of fish you plan to keep. At Complete Koi, we're always happy to talk you through the different fish we have available and offer expert guidance on choosing the right home for them.

If you're unsure or need any advice, don't hesitate to get in touch or visit us in-store — we're here to help every step of the way.

Aquariums come in a wide variety of sizes and styles, and while some starter kits include most of the essential gear, others may only come with the tank itself. That’s why it’s important to understand exactly what’s included and what additional equipment you may need to purchase separately to create a safe and healthy environment for your fish.

This guide walks you through all the essential equipment you'll need to set up your aquarium and give your fish the best possible start. Keep reading for more details—and feel free to tick each item off your shopping list as you go!

Starter Kits – What’s Included?

Many aquarium kits come with some or all of the essential equipment, such as a filter, light, and occasionally a heater. However, it’s important not to assume that every kit includes everything you’ll need or that the included components are always of the best for the fish you would like to keep. Some setups may require additional parts, or you might find that upgrading certain items is necessary for long-term success.

Additionally, be cautious of aquariums marketed for certain fish species that aren’t actually suitable—for example, small tanks being advertised for goldfish, which require much more space and greater filtration  than often suggested. To avoid future issues, it’s always a good idea to double-check that your setup is appropriate for the type and number of fish you intend to keep before making a purchase.

Some great starter kits we would recommend include:

Juwel Primo 70 & Primo 110 – These aquariums come fully equipped with high-quality components, including a reliable filter, heater, and lighting system. They’re spacious enough to comfortably house a variety of fish species yet compact enough to fit neatly on a desk or sideboard,making them a great all-round choice for both beginners and experienced fish keepers.

Aqua One Aqualume Aquariums – Ideal for smaller temperate species such as platies, danios, and minnows, Aqualume tanks are a great option for compact setups. They can also accommodate tropical fish, but it’s important to note that a heater is not included and would need to be purchased separately.

Marina Lux Aquariums – A fantastic budget-friendly option, the Marina Lux range is well-suited for both temperate and tropical fish. While the smaller models do not include a heater, the 75L version comes fully equipped with a light, heater, and filter—providing excellent value for those starting out.

Ciano Aquarium & Cabinet Sets – Available in a range of sizes from 52L to 300L, they come complete with a quality filter, lighting, and a heater—everything you need to get started! Combining style and practicality, Ciano tanks come in a range of modern colour options to suit any room. With their sleek design and reliable equipment, they make it easy to create a thriving, attractive aquarium from day one.

These are just a few of our most popular starter aquarium kits, carefully selected for their quality, ease of use, and value. [Click here] to browse our full range of aquariums and discover the ideal setup for your needs.

 

Essential Equipment

o   Filter

A reliable filter is one of the most important pieces of equipment in any aquarium. It plays a vital role in maintaining clean, healthy water by removing physical waste, uneaten food, and harmful chemicals like ammonia and nitrites, substances that can quickly become toxic to your fish if left unchecked.

When choosing a filter, it's essential to select one that matches both the size of your tank and the type of fish you plan to keep. Different fish produce different amounts of waste, and some species prefer gentler water flow, while others thrive in stronger currents. For this reason, filters can vary greatly in performance and design from internal filters to powerful external canisters.

Equally important is ensuring the filter media (sponges, ceramics, carbon, etc.) is appropriate for your aquarium. The media should be capable of efficiently processing waste through mechanical, biological, and sometimes chemical filtration. Always check that the filter you choose can handle the bio-load of your tank and support the nitrogen cycle effectively.

Need help choosing the right filter?

[Click here] to read our Buying Guide for Aquarium Filters, where we break down the different types, features to look for, and tips for finding the perfect match for your setup.

 

o   Heater

If you're planning to keep tropical fish, a heater is essential. Most tropical fish need a stable temperature between 24°C and 26°C, depending on the species. Sudden changes can cause stress or illness, so maintaining consistent warmth is crucial.

A reliable, adjustable heater lets you set and maintain the right temperature for your tank. Be sure to choose one suitable for your aquarium’s size—larger tanks may benefit from two smaller heaters placed at opposite ends for even heat distribution.

We also recommend using an aquarium thermometer. While many heaters include built-in thermostats, a separate thermometer allows you to manually monitor the water temperature and catch any fluctuations early.

Keeping your tank at the correct temperature is one of the simplest yet most important steps in creating a healthy environment for your fish.

For more tips and guidance, [click here] to read our help guide: Aquarium Heaters Explained – Choosing the Right One for Your Tank.

 

o   Air Pump & Accessories

While air pumps aren't essential in every aquarium setup, we firmly believe that more oxygen is always better. Air pumps help increase oxygen levels in the water, supporting your fish's health and enhancing overall water quality.

They can also power accessories like air stones, air-driven sponge filters, and other decorative features, adding both function and visual interest to your tank.

Air pumps are especially beneficial in heavily stocked tanks, during medication treatments, or in setups where your filter provides limited surface agitation—all situations where oxygen levels can drop more easily.

To get your air pump up and running, you’ll need a few key accessories: airline tubing, a check valve (a safety feature that prevents water from backflowing into the pump), and your choice of air stone, bubble curtain, diffuser, or air-powered ornament to create the desired effect in your tank.

 

o   Light

Lighting not only enhances the overall look of your aquarium but also improves the viewing experience by bringing out the colours of your fish and décor. It's especially important if you're keeping live plants, as they require proper lighting to grow and thrive.

While fish don’t require intense lighting, plants need the right light spectrum to grow and thrive. LED lights are a popular choice—they’re energy-efficient and available in various colour spectrums that mimic natural sunlight.

Most aquariums come with a built-in light unit, but not all are suitable for planted tanks. Basic white or blue LEDs, which are common in starter kits, are mainly designed to provide a natural day-night cycle for fish. While this is often enough for fish alone, it may not support healthy plant growth.

If you're unsure whether your light is suitable for your setup—especially if you're planning a planted aquarium—it's always best to check the light’s specifications before you begin.

 

Decoration and Aesthetics

Now that your equipment is all set up, it’s time to move on to one of the most exciting parts—designing your aquarium! This is your chance to get creative and create a beautiful underwater environment that reflects your personal style and suits the needs of your fish.

While there’s plenty of room for imagination, there are some essential elements you’ll want to include to ensure a healthy and balanced habitat. These key components help provide shelter, promote natural behaviour, and contribute to the overall aesthetics of your tank. The main parts to consider include:

 

o   Substrate: Gravel, Sand, or Soil? 

The type of substrate you choose largely depends on the species of fish you plan to keep and whether you intend to have live plants in your aquarium.

Gravel is a popular and practical choice for most beginners. It’s easy to clean and maintain and provides good support for beneficial bacteria that help break down waste. When using gravel, it’s best to keep the layer relatively thin—just enough to cover the bottom of the tank. A thick layer can trap excess waste, leading to poor water quality and potential health issues for your fish.

Sand is often selected for its smooth, natural appearance and is frequently used in decorative setups. Like gravel, only a thin layer is needed to avoid trapping debris. Sand can also be beneficial for certain bottom-dwelling fish that prefer a softer surface.

For planted tanks, aquarium soil is the preferred substrate because it contains essential nutrients that support healthy plant growth. Aquarium soil can be used on its own as the main substrate or combined with gravel or sand, either as a base layer or as a decorative top layer. This flexibility allows you to customize your tank based on the needs of your plants and fish.

Before deciding on a substrate, it’s important to research the specific requirements of the fish species you intend to keep. Some fish may prefer softer substrates like sand, while others do better with gravel or soil. Choosing the right substrate not only enhances the look of your aquarium but also creates a comfortable and natural environment for your aquatic life.

 

o   Plants: Live vs. Artificial Plants

Live plants do more than just enhance the natural beauty of your aquarium. They also contribute to a healthier environment. They help by absorbing nitrates and other waste products, and they produce oxygen, which supports fish health and overall water quality. In addition, live plants can outcompete algae for nutrients, helping to reduce algae growth and keep your tank looking clean.

However, live plants do require care. They need appropriate lighting, a suitable substrate (such as aquarium soil), and in some cases, liquid fertilisers or CO₂ supplementation to thrive. For beginners, starting with hardy, low-maintenance species like Java Fern or Anubias is often a great first step.

For a detailed look at choosing, planting, and caring for aquatic plants be sure to check out our blog: ["Aquarium Plants: Our Complete Guide"]. It covers everything from selecting the right species to lighting, substrate, and ongoing maintenance to help your plants (and your fish) thrive.

Artificial (fake) plants, on the other hand, are an excellent low-maintenance alternative. They don’t require any special care, won't be affected by water parameters, and can still provide valuable hiding spots and enrichment for your fish. They’re especially useful for those new to the hobby or for aquariums where plant maintenance isn’t practical.

Ultimately, the choice between live and artificial plants comes down to your goals, experience level, and how much time you're willing to invest in plant care. Many aquarists even choose to combine both for the best of both worlds—natural benefits and low-maintenance décor.

 

o   Ornaments & Natural Decor

Ornaments do more than just enhance the look of your aquarium; they also serve an important purpose for your fish. Many species use decorations as hiding spots, territory markers, or shelters, which help reduce stress and encourage natural behaviours.

When choosing decorations, always opt for fish-safe materials without sharp edges, and avoid overcrowding the tank. It’s important to strike a balance between décor and open space—free-swimming areas are essential, especially for active species.

Some fish also benefit from having dedicated hides or caves, so be sure to include enough sheltered areas for the specific fish you plan to keep.

Natural materials like rock and wood can be a beautiful and functional addition, but make sure they are aquarium-safe and properly treated before adding them to your setup.

Explore our full range of aquarium ornaments and natural décor options [here] to find the perfect additions for your tank.

 

Maintenance Tools

Once your aquarium is set up and stocked with fish, regular maintenance is essential to keep everything running smoothly. Here are a few tools we've found to be both essential and helpful throughout the process:

o   Siphon / Gravel Cleaner 

This is a must-have for cleaning debris from the substrate during water changes. It makes regular maintenance faster, cleaner, and more efficient.

 

o   Bucket 

Keep a designated bucket strictly for aquarium use. It helps avoid contamination from soaps or chemicals and is essential during water changes.

 

o   Sponge / Algae Scraper

Algae build-up on glass is common. A specialised aquarium sponge or algae scraper helps keep the viewing panels clean without harming your fish or plants.

 

o   Tap Safe / Water Conditioner 

Tap water contains chlorine, chloramine, and other chemicals that can harm your fish and beneficial bacteria. Always use a water conditioner like WaterSafe during water changes or top-ups to make the water safe and prevent stress or illness.

For a deeper understanding of why water conditioners are so important, check out our blog: "Can I Use Tap Water in My Aquarium?"

 

o Water Testing Kit

In the first few months after setting up your aquarium, it will go through what's known as the Nitrogen Cycle. A natural process where beneficial bacteria establish themselves to break down harmful waste. During this stage, regular water testing is crucial to ensure your tank stays safe and stable.

We recommend keeping a testing kit on hand to monitor key water parameters such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH. If you're local to our store, feel free to bring in a water sample, we offer in-store water testing and are always happy to help!.

It’s also wise to keep essentials like beneficial bacteria and aqua-buffer on hand. This way, if anything needs adjusting in your aquarium, you can respond quickly and keep your fish safe and healthy.

 

Final Tips for a Successful Aquarium

Setting up an aquarium is exciting, but a little patience and planning can go a long way toward long-term success. Here are a few final tips to help ensure your fish stay healthy and your tank thrives:

• Avoid Overcrowding: Stock your aquarium based on the adult size of your fish, not how small they are at purchase. Overcrowding can lead to water quality issues, aggression, and stress. Research each species' space and compatibility requirements before adding them to your tank.

• Introduce Fish Gradually: Adding too many fish at once can overwhelm your filter system, especially during the early stages of the nitrogen cycle. Start with a few hardy fish and add others slowly over time to allow your filter and beneficial bacteria to adjust.

• Test Water Before Adding New Fish: Always check your water parameters introducing new fish. This helps ensure your tank is stable and safe, reducing the risk of stress or illness in new arrivals.

• Establish a Regular Maintenance Routine: Regular tasks like weekly water changes, cleaning the substrate, and rinsing filter media (in tank water) are vital to maintaining a healthy environment. Staying consistent with maintenance prevents long-term issues and keeps your tank looking its best.

• Observe Your Fish Daily: Keep an eye on your fish for any signs of stress, illness, or unusual behaviour. Changes in activity, colour, or appetite can often be early indicators that something isn’t right. Daily observation helps you catch and address problems early.

Starting your first aquarium is a learning process, but with the right setup and care, it can be a highly rewarding hobby. Use this checklist to make sure you’re well-prepared—and your fish will thank you for it with vibrant colours and lively behaviour! Happy fishkeeping!

For more information and advice on setting up your aquarium, check out the rest of our blogs…

A Beginner’s Guide to Setting up an Aquarium | Understanding You Aquarium Water | The Best Freshwater Fish For Your Aquarium